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泥水盾构 8

大直径盾构 5

水下隧道 5

盾构 5

砂卵石地层 4

钻爆法 3

人脸识别 2

同步注浆 2

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Model test and discrete element method simulation of shield tunneling face stability in transparent clay

Huayang LEI, Yajie ZHANG, Yao HU, Yingnan LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 147-166 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0704-6

摘要： The stability of the shield tunneling face is an extremely important factor affecting the safety of tunnel construction. In this study, a transparent clay with properties similar to those of Tianjin clay is prepared and a new transparent clay model test apparatus is developed to overcome the “black box” problem in the traditional model test. The stability of the shield tunneling face (failure mode, influence range, support force, and surface settlement) is investigated in transparent clay under active failure. A series of transparent clay model tests is performed to investigate the active failure mode, influence range, and support force of the shield tunneling face under different burial depth conditions, whereas particle flow code three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to verify the failure mode of the shield tunneling face and surface settlement along the transverse section under different burial depth conditions. The results show that the engineering characteristics of transparent clay are similar to those of soft clay in Binhai, Tianjin and satisfy visibility requirements. Two types of failure modes are obtained: the overall failure mode (cover/diameter: / ≤1.0) and local failure mode ( / ≥2.0). The influence range of the transverse section is wider than that of the longitudinal section when / ≥2.0. Additionally, the normalized thresholds of the relative displacement and support force ratio are 3%–6% and 0.2–0.4, respectively. Owing to the cushioning effect of the clay layer, the surface settlement is significantly reduced as the tunnel burial depth increases.

关键词： shield tunneling face stability transparent clay model test numerical simulation

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Effect of cutterhead configuration on tunnel face stability during shield machine maintenance outages

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 522-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0930-9

摘要： Owing to long-distance advancement or obstacles, shield tunneling machines are typically shut down for maintenance. Engineering safety during maintenance outages is determined by the stability of the tunnel face. Pressure maintenance openings are typically used under complicated hydrogeological conditions. The tunnel face is supported by a medium at the bottom of the excavation chamber and compressed air at the top. Owing to the high risk of face failure, the necessity of support pressure when cutterhead support is implemented and a method for determining the value of compressed air pressure using different support ratios must to be determined. In this study, a non-fully chamber supported rotational failure model considering cutterhead support is developed based on the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis. Numerical simulation is conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The results indicate that appropriately increasing the specific gravity of the supporting medium can reduce the risk of collapse. The required compressed air pressure increases significantly as the support ratio decreases. Disregarding the supporting effect of the cutterhead will result in a tunnel face with underestimated stability. To satisfy the requirement of chamber openings at atmospheric pressure, the stratum reinforcement strength and range at the shield end are provided based on different cutterhead aperture ratios.

关键词： tunnel face stability cutterhead configuration aperture ratio pressure gradient support ratio

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Analysis of load and adaptability of disc cutters during shield tunneling in soft–hard varied strata

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 533-545 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0946-1

摘要： The disc cutters of shield machines exhibit unsatisfactory adaptability and performance during the soft–hard varied strata tunneling process. To analyze the rotation state, cutting performance, and adaptability of disc cutters during shield tunneling in soft–hard varied strata, the Holmquist Johnson Cook and Federal Highway Administration constitutive models are introduced to numerically simulate the failure process of materials on the excavation face and to calculate the load of disc cutters. Additionally, the parameters of the models are modified based on laboratory disc cutter excavation test results. The results of numerical calculation can reflect the load level and the behavior of the disc cutters during operation. The tangential loads of the disc cutters during the cutting of four typical soft-strata excavation face models are numerically calculated, thus providing reference values for the starting torque of the disc cutters. A greater penetration is suggested for soft-strata tunneling to allow the disc cutters to rotate smoothly and continuously as well as to guarantee a better cutting effect. The disc cutters in the center of the cutterhead should be specified with a lower starting torque to prevent uneven wear, rotation stagnation, cutterhead clogging, and other adverse phenomena.

关键词： shield tunneling disc cutter load laboratory excavation test numerical calculation soft–hard varied strata

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Prediction of shield tunneling-induced ground settlement using machine learning techniques

Renpeng CHEN, Pin ZHANG, Huaina WU, Zhiteng WANG, Zhiquan ZHONG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1363-1378 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0561-3

摘要： Predicting the tunneling-induced maximum ground surface settlement is a complex problem since the settlement depends on plenty of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study investigates the efficiency and feasibility of six machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely, back-propagation neural network, wavelet neural network, general regression neural network (GRNN), extreme learning machine, support vector machine and random forest (RF), to predict tunneling-induced settlement. Field data sets including geological conditions, shield operational parameters, and tunnel geometry collected from four sections of tunnel with a total of 3.93 km are used to build models. Three indicators, mean absolute error, root mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination the ( ) are used to demonstrate the performance of each computational model. The results indicated that ML algorithms have great potential to predict tunneling-induced settlement, compared with the traditional multivariate linear regression method. GRNN and RF algorithms show the best performance among six ML algorithms, which accurately recognize the evolution of tunneling-induced settlement. The correlation between the input variables and settlement is also investigated by Pearson correlation coefficient.

关键词： EPB shield shield tunneling settlement prediction machine learning

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Drive system design and error analysis of the 6 degrees of freedom segment erector of shield tunneling

Hu SHI, Guofang GONG, Huayong YANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第3期页码 369-376 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0223-1

摘要：

Focusing on a segment erector of a shield-tunneling machine developed with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) and controlled by electro-hydraulic proportional systems, the kinematics of the segment erection process is presented. The perturbation method in the error analysis is introduced to establish the position and attitude error model, considering a number of factors such as the hydraulic drive, control accuracy, and tolerance in manufacturing and assembly. Dynamic simulations are carried out to obtain the controlling precision of electrohydraulic drive systems. Formulas for calculating the position and attitude error of the grip hand of the segment erector are derived. The calculation results verify the practicality and effectiveness of the error analysis, providing a foundation for practical designing, manufacturing, and assembling of the segment of the erecting mechanism.

关键词： shield tunneling machine segment erector kinematics position and attitude precision

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Simulation analysis of pressure regulation of hydraulic thrust system on a shield tunneling machine

Zhibin LIU, Haibo XIE, Huayong YANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第3期页码 377-382 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0226-y

摘要：

Hydraulic thrust system is an important system in a shield tunneling machine. Pressure regulation of thrust cylinders is the most important function for thrust system during tunnel excavation. In this paper, a hydraulic thrust system is explained, and a corresponding simulation model is carried out in order to study the system characteristics. Pressure regulation of a certain group’s cylinders has little influence on regulation of the other groups’ cylinders. The influence will not affect the process much during tunnel excavation. Pump displacement may have a greater effect on pressure regulation and oil supply flow rate should be adaptive to the system’s demand. A exacting situation is simulated to explain how pressure regulation works during tunnel excavation.

关键词： tunnel hydraulic thrust system pressure regulation simulation

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Experimental study on working parameters of earth pressure balance shield machine tunneling in soft ground

ZHU Hehua, LIAO Shaoming, XU Qianwei, ZHENG Qizhen

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 350-358 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0051-5

摘要： Deep sedimentary deposits of soft clays are widely distributed in coastal areas as well as many interior major cities in China. In order to study the stratum adaptability of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machine tunneling in such types of soft ground, model tests of tunneling excavation, using the running tunnel of the Shanghai Metro Line M8 as a background, are carried out with different over burden ratios, opening rates of cutter head, driving speeds and rotation speeds of screw conveyor. Based on the test results, the interrelationships between chamber pressure and mucking efficiency, mucking rate and driving speed, thrust force and torque are obtained. The influences of tunnel depth, opening rate of cutter head and driving speed on thrust force and torque are revealed. Such findings can not only facilitate establishing relationships between shield working parameters and soil properties, but also serve as a guide for the design and construction of shield tunnel in soft ground.

关键词： construction different coastal conveyor excavation

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Experimental study on slurry-induced fracturing during shield tunneling

Teng WANG, Dajun YUAN, Dalong JIN, Xinggao LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 333-345 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0718-8

摘要： Facial support in slurry shield tunneling is provided by slurry pressure to balance the external earth and water pressure. Hydraulic fracturing may occur and cause a significant decrease in the support pressure if the slurry pressure exceeds the threshold of the soil or rock material, resulting in a serious face collapse accident. Preventing the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing in a slurry shield requires investigating the effects of related influencing factors on the hydraulic fracturing pressure and fracture pattern. In this study, a hydraulic fracturing apparatus was developed to test the slurry-induced fracturing of cohesive soil. The effects of different sample parameters and loading conditions, including types of holes, unconfined compressive strength, slurry viscosity, and axial and circumferential loads, on the fracturing pressure and fracture dip were examined. The results indicate that the fracture dip is mainly affected by the deviator stress. The fracturing pressure increases linearly with the increase in the circumferential pressure, but it is almost independent of the axial pressure. The unconfined compressive strength of soil can reflect its ability to resist fracturing failure. The fracturing pressure increases with an increase in the unconfined compressive strength as well as the slurry viscosity. Based on the test results, an empirical approach was proposed to estimate the fracturing pressure of the soil.

关键词： slurry shield tunneling hydraulic fracturing test fracturing pressure fracture dip unconfined compressive strength slurry viscosity

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A real-life stability model for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils

Xinyu HU, Zixin ZHANG, Scott KIEFFER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 176-187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0149-7

摘要： The current models that have been published to date only allow for homogeneous soil at the tunnel face. This paper presents a real-life face stability model to determine the minimal pressure needed at the tunnel face for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils. It is found that the influence of multilayered soil boundaries is significant, especially for the mixed-layer (e.g., sand and clay) soils. The suggested M-M model is developed by considering the influence of the heterogeneity of the soil on the angle of slip and the minimal support pressure. Comparisons of the solutions in mixed-layer soils are conducted, and the effects of the involved parameters for a large, multilayered, shield-driven tunnel are also investigated.

关键词： analytical solution shield-driven tunnel multilayered soil face stability

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广深港高速铁路狮子洋水下盾构隧道修建技术

洪开荣,杜闯东,王坤

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第7期页码 53-58

摘要：

广深港客运专线狮子洋隧道为我国首座水下铁路隧道，也是我国第一条特长水下隧道，其设计速度达350 km/h，该隧道为广深港高速铁路的关键性工程。针对该隧道的工程地质环境和采用的盾构法施工技术，特别是该隧道在我国首次采用了盾构对接方法施工，介绍了该隧道修建的有关设计与施工的技术，并提出了相应的技术措施。

关键词：广深港高速铁路水下隧道盾构对接

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软土机械化隧道开挖——冰积层开挖模式的选择与土壤改良添加剂的运用

Rolf Zumsteg, Lars Langmaack

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 863-870 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.006

摘要：

高山区地层历史受冰川活动影响，冰川活动对该区域地下工程的影响很大。机械化隧道开挖必须适应可靠和蚀变岩石，必须适应同一条隧道沿线软硬不均土层（透水砾石—软黏土沉积物）。本文主要介绍在瑞士使用隧道掘进机（TBM）的经验，重点介绍穿越软硬不均软土过程中的土壤改良问题。过去大部分隧道均采用泥水模式（SM）掘进，该模式下不同添加剂的使用主要限于高渗透性困难地段和更换工具及改装等需要停止掘进时。对于不太常见的土压平衡模式（EPBM）掘进，连续泡沫改良及额外采用聚合物和膨润土经证明是成功的。调节添加剂的使用使泥浆分离（对于SM）和开挖土料处理（对于EPBM）时面临新的挑战。如果在设计和开挖模式评估阶段提前考虑按符合环境法律规定的方式处理土压平衡（EPB）掘进过程中产生的经化学处理的软土料，则EPBM 有利于冰积层隧道掘进施工。

关键词：土壤改良土压平衡盾构泥水盾构机械化隧道开挖

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The influence of hand hole on the ultimate strength and crack pattern of shield tunnel segment joints

Shaochun WANG, Xi JIANG, Yun BAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 1200-1213 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0546-2

摘要： With the shield tunnel going deeper and deeper, the circumferential axial force becomes the governing factor rather than the bending moment. The hand hole acts as a weak point and initial damage in the segment joint especially when the circumferential axial force is extremely high. Despite the wide application of steel fiber or synthetic fiber in the tunneling, limited researches focus on the structural responses of segment joint with macro structural synthetic fiber (MSSF). In this paper, a 1:2 reduced-scale experiment was conducted to study the structural performance of the segment joint with different types of hand holes under ultra-high axial force. Special attention is paid to failure mode and structural performance (bearing capacity, deformation, cracking, and toughness). Moreover, segment joints with MSSF are also tested to evaluate the effects of MSSF on the failure mode and structural performance of the segment joints. The experiment results show that the hand hole becomes the weakest point of the segment joint under ultra-high axial force. A \ /-type crack pattern is always observed before the final failure of the segment joints. Different types and sizes of the hand hole have different degree of influences on the structural behavior of segment joints. The segment joint with MSSF shows higher ultimate bearing capacity and toughness compared to segment joint with common concrete. Besides, the MSSF improves the initial cracking load and anti-spallling resistance of the segment joint.

关键词： shield tunneling structural synthetic fiber concrete hand hole segment joint ultimate bearing capacity crack pattern

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遗传算法与分组数据处理神经网络相结合的人工智能预测盾构掘进过程中滚刀的寿命 Article

Khalid Elbaz, 沈水龙, 周安楠, 尹振宇, 吕海敏

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第2期页码 238-251 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.016

摘要：

滚刀的磨损是一个影响盾构隧道掘进效率和滚刀更换决策的关键问题。本研究提出了一种估算滚刀寿命（H_f）的新模型，模型将分组数据处理（GMDH）型神经网络（NN）与遗传算法（GA）整合在一起。遗传算法优化了GMDH网络结构的效率和有效性，使得每个神经元都能从上一层网络搜索最佳连接集。使用所提出的模型，可以分析盾构机性能数据库、滚刀的消耗、地质条件和操作参数等监测数据。为了验证所提出模型的性状，进行了案例研究，用数据说明了混合模型的优越性。结果表明，使用该混合模型预测的滚刀使用寿命的准确率高。灵敏度分析表明，盾构切入速率（PR）对滚刀的使用寿命有重要影响。研究结果对盾构隧道的设计和施工都很有意义。

关键词：滚刀寿命盾构隧道施工参数分组数据处理与遗传算法

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软硬不均地层盾构姿态控制及管片防裂损技术

谭忠盛,洪开荣,万姜林,王梦恕

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第12期页码 92-96

摘要：

广州地铁二号线越—三盾构区间的地层软硬不均，加之曲线多、坡度变化大，盾构掘进技术难度大，掘进方向与盾构姿态的控制困难，防止管片开裂和局部破损以及错台具有一定的难度。为了有效地控制掘进方向和盾构姿态，研究了盾构掘进方向发生偏差的原因，并对越—三区间盾构掘进的偏差实测数据进行具体分析，得出了偏差的原因和规律；研究了盾构掘进姿态的控制方法。为了防止盾构管片的裂损，采用数值模拟方法研究管片裂损的规律及其主要因素，提出了有效控制管片裂损的主要方法。

关键词：软硬不均地层盾构姿态控制管片裂损管片错台

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中国大陆典型水下隧道工程案例与技术

洪开荣

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第6期页码 871-879 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.007

摘要：

中国大陆近十多年来修建了较多的水下隧道，其技术也取得了长足的发展。文章按工法分类，简要介绍了我国水下隧道的发展历程与现状，同时结合典型水下隧道的工程案例，综述了包括盾构法、钻爆法、沉管法修建的我国几座主要水下隧道工程，以及在这些工程中的技术创新所解决的重难点问题，如地质综合预报、注浆加固方法与工艺、软弱地层超浅埋大断面隧道的设计与施工、限排降压换刀、孤石的探测与处理、高地震烈度区的水下隧道建设、沉管基槽高回淤的处理等；综合分析了现有的技术基础与建设能力，提出了对我国三大海峡通道（琼州海峡通道、渤海湾海峡通道、台湾海峡通道）的一些思考，并指出海峡通道建设还需进一步研究的问题。

关键词：水下隧道海峡通道盾构法沉管法钻爆法